In Brazil, a study published by the Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning at the University of Campinas found that sugar cane-based ethanol “is among the cheapest and easiest ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions”, providing an 8:1 energy return on energy invested and competitive with gasoline on price. The study found that ethanol reduced overall vehicle GHGs by 10 percent in 2006, and could reduce emissions by up to 43 percent by 2020.
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