Michigan State researchers show how switchgrass can mitigate climate change effects

In Michigan, newly published Michigan State University research details how switchgrass can mitigate effects of climate change when grown on marginal land — agricultural land of little value. For farmers, it may also provide economic returns in these otherwise unproductive spaces.

Lignocellulosic biofuels, which are made from plant biomass, are one of the only current renewable energy sources with potential as an fuel alternative for vehicles. But fossil fuel problems aren’t easily solved by simply planting more biofuel crops such as switchgrass.

The challenge is magnified when farmers consider what to do with marginal, less-productive land. With rising input costs, there is often little to no advantage to plant in these areas. If growers do decide to plant, environmental issues abound, as these fields are often nitrogen-deficient and may require heavy use of fertilizers.

The team used a multi-model ensemble of crop simulation systems that factor in soil, weather and management data. These included three models from previous studies and the System Approach to Land Use Sustainability (SALUS) program, which simulates daily crop production over many years using different management strategies.

The multi-model ensemble is designed to better understand and quantify the uncertainties coming from model input and parameters unique to each model. This is the first study to use a model ensemble linked to artificial intelligence for switchgrass used for bioenergy production.

The team discovered that low amounts of nitrogen fertilizer provided long-term boosts in yield that outweighed greenhouse gas emissions, a finding that runs contrary to other studies. Researchers believe the benefit can be much greater on lands limited by nitrogen deficiency, which is the case in several areas of Michigan.